ABSTRACT
El abordaje quirúrgico de la patología selar ha sufrido importantes cambios desde sus primeras descripciones. Inicialmente de manejo neuroquirúrgico, hoy en día el abordaje hipofisiario transeptoesfenoidal se ha transformado en una de las vías de acceso más utilizadas por el otorrinolaringólogo para lesiones a nivel de silla turca. Esta publicación describe un tipo de acceso transeptoesfenoidal utilizado por el otorrinolaringólogo en el Instituto de Neurocirugía Dr. Alfonso Asenjo (INCA) en el abordaje de lesiones selares, tanto en cirugía primaria de hipófisis, cirugía secundaria o en casos con alteraciones anatómicas del septum nasal posterior.
The surgical approach to the sellar pathology has undergone significant changes since its first descriptions. Initially addressed by neurosurgical management, today the transseptosphenoidal pituitary approach has become one of the most used pathways by the otolaryngologist to reach sellar lesions. This publication describes one of the transseptosphenoidal approach used by the otolaryngologist at the Instituto de Neurocirugía Dr. Alfonso Asenjo (INCA) in addressing sellar lesions and its variations in primary pituitary surgery, secondary surgery, multiple interventions and in cases of anatomical variations of the posterior nasal septum.
Subject(s)
Humans , Sella Turcica/surgery , Hypophysectomy/methods , Sphenoid Bone/surgery , Sphenoid Sinus/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
Introducción: La estenosis subglótica (ES) plantea un desafío clínico constante dado su alta morbimortalidad, diversidad de causas, localización, severidad y variedad de procedimientos terapéuticos. Objetivos: Determinar el perfil de pacientes con diagnóstico de ES, evaluar el tratamiento y sus resultados. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo mediante revisión de fichas clínicas de pacientes con ES entre 2008 y 2011. Se describen las características demográficas, factores de riesgo, sintomatología, tipo y grado de estenosis, tratamiento, porcentaje de decanulación y complicaciones. Resultados: 17 pacientes adultos fueron incluidos. Edad promedio: 51 ± 14,37 años. Sexo: 70,6% femenino, 29,4% masculino. El principal síntoma fue la disnea (76,5%). La ES con compromiso sólo de partes blandas (88,2%) y el grado III de severidad fueron predominantes. El tratamiento incluyó procedimientos endoscópicos (47%) y quirúrgicos abiertos (41%). La cirugía abierta, como único tratamiento o segundo paso presentó un porcentaje de decanulación menor al manejo endoscópico. La dilatación con broncoscopio presentó una tasa de éxito de 63%. La tasa de decanulación general fue 58,8%. Conclusiones: La ES es una patología compleja. La baja tasa de sospecha, sintomatología inespecífica y el retraso en la consulta hace necesaria la creación de equipos de vía aérea multidisciplinarios para su pesquisa y manejo.
Introduction: Subglottic stenosis (SE) pose a constant clinical challenge because it's high morbidity and mortality, diversity of causes, location, severity and variety of treatment procedures. Aim: Determine the profile of patients with SE and evaluate the treatment and its results. Material and method: Retrospective descriptive study by reviewing medical records of patients with SE between 2008 and 2011. Demographic characteristics, risk factors, symptoms, type and degree of stenosis, treatment, decannulation percentage and complications were described. Results: 17 adult patients were included. Average age: 51 ± 14.37 years. Sex: 70.6% female and 29.4% male. The main symptom was dyspnea (76.5%). The SE with only soft tissue involvement (88.2%) and grade III severity were predominant. For treatment endoscopic procedures (47%) and open surgery were used (41%). Open surgical technique as unique treatment or as a second step, was less successful compared to endoscopic treatment. Bronchoscopic dilatation had a success rate of 63%. The overall decannulation rate was 58.8%. Conclusions: The SE is a complex pathology. The low rate of suspicion, nonspecific symptoms and delay in medical consultation requires the creation of multidisciplinary teams for diagnosis and management.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Laryngostenosis/surgery , Postoperative Complications , Severity of Illness Index , Bronchoscopy , Laryngostenosis/diagnosis , Laryngostenosis/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Device Removal , LaryngoscopyABSTRACT
El manejo de la punta nasal es un elemento clave en toda rinoplastía. Las primeras técnicas empleadas sacrificaban la estructura del arco alar con resultados posoperatorios indeseables. En la era moderna de la rinoplastía, el manejo de la punta nasal se enfocó en remodelar, preservar y reposicionar los cartílagos alares mediante el uso de suturas. El punto interdomal es una sutura en forma de ocho o loop simple desde la porción más anterior de un domo hacia el contralateral uniendo la región más alta de las cruras mediales. En el presente artículo se realiza una revisión del uso de puntos de suturas en el manejo de la punta nasal, se describen las características del punto interdomal en técnica cerrada y se muestran sus resultados en una serie de casos.
The nasal tip surgery is a key element in rhinoplasty. The first techniques employed sacrificed the alar arch structure with undesirable postoperative results. In the modern era of rhinoplasty, nasal tip surgery focused on reshaping, preserving and repositioning the alar cartilages using reversible sutures. The interdomal suture is a figure-eight or simple loop suture placed from the most anterior portion of one dome to the contralateral joining the highest region of the medial crura. This article reviews the use of suture techniques in nasal tip reshaping and describes the interdomal suture in closed approach and its results in a clinical series.
Subject(s)
Humans , Rhinoplasty/methods , Nose/surgery , Suture Techniques , Nasal CartilagesABSTRACT
En la historia de la evaluación clínica vestibular, siempre se ha buscado la manera de medir en forma individual los seis canales semicirculares y los cuatro órganos otolíticos. Basados en el conocimiento de la fisiología vestibular, en 1988 Halmagyi y Curthoys describieron la Prueba de Impulso Cefálico o Head Impulse Test (HIT) como un método diagnóstico para evaluar la efectividad del reflejo vestíbulo oculomotor en pacientes con sintomatología vestibular. Esta revisión pretende dar a conocer las bases fisiológicas del HIT y su evolución hasta el video HIT (vHIT) actual.
In the history of vestibular clinical evaluation, it has always been sought the way to measure individually each of the six semicircular canals and the four otolith organs. Based on vestibular physiology, in 1988 Halmagyi and Curthoys described the Head impulse test (HIT) as a diagnostic method to evaluate the effectiveness of the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex in patients with vestibular symptoms. This review shows the physiological basis for HIT and its evolution towards nowdays video HIT (vHIT).
Subject(s)
Humans , Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular/physiology , Vestibular Diseases/diagnosis , Head Impulse Test/methods , Vestibular Function Tests/methods , Video Recording , Vestibular Diseases/physiopathology , Semicircular Canals , Eye MovementsABSTRACT
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is defined as the loss of at least 30 dB in 3 or more consecutive frequencies in less than 3 days. Its more frequent in the fifth decade, without gender-related differences. Although It is usually unilateral, 3 percent of patients may have both ears involved. 1 percent of cases are due to a retrocochlear disease. It presents as a rapidly progressive and sudden-onset hearing loss or that appears upon awakening. Over 90 percent of patients report tinnitus and 20 to 60 percent dizziness. Although many theories try to explain its origin, in only 20 percent of cases the etiology can be identified. The myriad of options have only reflected the lack of strong evidence on therapeutic alternatives and the high rate of spontaneous remission. Systemic corticosteroids in high doses have been defined as the standard therapy for SSNHL. Intratympanic steroid therapy has become a new alternative, allowing drugs to reach higher concentrations in the inner ear without the secondary effects of systemic therapy. Positive outcome has only been achieved using intratympanic steroids as salvage therapy. Authors disagree on its effectiveness, patterns of administration and posology. This paper reviews intratympanic steroid therapy, its advantages and disadvantages, its administration technique and its pharmacologic features.